Holographic interferometry holography virtual gallery. Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy myung k. To reconstruct the real images with the given view angle, let us consider a plane wave. Digital holography has several features that make it an interesting alternative to conventional microscopy. Holography is the method of recording and reconstruction of the total optical information from the object. This book presents a selfcontained treatment of the principles and major applications of digital hologram recording and numerical reconstruction digital holography.
In a known conventional method of transmission hologram construction a single beam of radiation emanating from a single beam source usually a laser is split. Reconstruction of the original volume can be accomplished by applying digital reconstruction or decoding techniques. During reconstruction, depending on the orientation of the. Optical scanning holography osh 1 has the benefit of recording the entire threedimensional 3d volume of a specimen in the form of a two dimensional 2d hologram.
First, the basic results from the general theory of holography, based on the scalar diffraction theory, are summarized, and a general description of the digital holographic microscopy process is. Recording media for construction of static 3dvolume holograms should have the following. Computational reconstruction of images from optical holograms. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction technology is the new sign of future technology and communications.
Dec 05, 2017 this is small topic of engineering physics. Dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction of 3d. Multiplewavelength color digital holography for monochromatic. This is the reason of limitation of gabor holography. Institute of physics publishing measurement science and technology meas. Creating your own illusion lab manual sarah honorowski 01, shialing kwa 01 and shane smith 02 purpose. Materials used for holography and material characteristics 3. Pdf dynamic digital holography for recording and reconstruction. The difference between holography and photography is best understood by considering what a black and white photograph actually is. Introduction digital holographic microscopy employs interferometry for imaging the threedimensional 3d structure of biological specimens. To fully understand the history of holography you need to have a basic idea of what a hologram is.
After invention of holography by dennis gabor in 1947 it is widely used in various areas. If so, and the wave, restored from the hologram, completely corresponds to the object at recording, hence, this wave can be investigated by the same optical methods, as the object. Digital holography is an emerging field of new paradigm in general imaging applications. During the recording of the hologram the wave diffracted by the object and the reference wave are recombined on the same side of the photosensitive plate. Holography is a method that allows reconstruction of whole optical wave fields. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography. May 04, 1993 the present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus.
Holography is now offered in both sessions of phys 128ab, allowing more students to perform the lab. In the optical realm holography took off in the early 1970s after the. Relation between basic holographic processes and the response of photographic film c. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes and whorls but whichwhen illuminated by coherent light, as by a laser beamorganizes the light into a threedimensional representation of the original object. Because holographic image reconstruction is an illposed problem, our statistical technique is based on penalizedlikelihood estimation. Today, holograms are used for data storage, optical communications. The present invention relates to hologram construction and more particularly to a method and apparatus for constructing holograms and holograms made by use of such method and apparatus. Simulation of digital hologram first of all, the mark image to be hidden is resized and inserted into a zeroimage with the same dimensions as the content image to be protected. The principle of recording and reconstruction of holograms is shown in fig. Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with. The development of new holography methods made it suitable for new industrial and scientific applications.
The first part deals with optical foundations and the theory of holography. Transmission holography is the most widespread type. Additional requirements include a powerful, coherent, monochromatic light source e. This framework is much more flexible than existing work, in the sense that it can handle objects with multiple sections. Osa reconstruction of sectional images in holography using. The optics table has been divided into two partitions which allows a specific setup to remain intact. Optical holography didnt take off until the invention of the laser in 1960. This film examines the process of holography, types of holograms, and the uses of the hologram for artistic and scientific purposes, as demonstrated by tung h. Optics for reflection holographic stereogram systems core. Although holograms were immediately popular for art, practical applications of optical holography lagged until the 1980s.
The more common holograms that can be seen under white light are referred to as reflection holograms and are created when the object and reference beams are incident on opposite faces of the film. The technique of holography can also be used to optically store, retrieve, and process information. A hologram is a physical recording of an interference pattern which uses diffraction to. The intensity of these rings and the size depend on the distance between object and recording plane. Sep 30, 2010 history of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique.
Numerical reconstruction of digital holograms with variable. We present a mathematical model for the holographic image capture, which facilitates the use of inverse imaging techniques to recover individual sections. Schnars and juptner applied their method to interferome. Originally, holography was a technique used to improve electron microscopes. Reconstruction from digital holograms by statistical methods. Overview holography was invented in 1947 by hungarian physicist dennis gabor 19001979, for which he received the nobel prize in physics in 1971. However, its presence degrades the primary wave and prevents getting a high quality hologram. Page 2 of 6 laser cutting and welding laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for. The same procedure is followed to reconstruct the object back. Just as chemists use sticks and balls to help them visualize the structure of molecules, our model will allow us to visualize, and thus understand, the physical characteristics of holograms without using advanced mathematics. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer digital. Holograms can also be created using an expanding laser beam, but the magnification will vary with depth and this must be compensated for in the reconstruction program.
If the holographic plate is illuminated after its development using the same reference wave used in the recording process, the light will diffract into three orders of diffraction if the diffraction network is sinusoidal. Pdf 3d volume reconstruction using hologram researchgate. Sparse reconstruction in digital holography loicdenis observatoiredelyon jointworkwithcorinnefournier,ferreolsoulezandericthiebaut loic denis sparse reconstruction in digital holography. Recording and reconstruction process in holography winner. Today, holograms are used for data storage, optical communications, interferometry in engineering and microscopy, security, and holographic scanning. The principle optical holographic recording is shown in. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during the past few years. First, digital holography can dramatically simplify the whole reconstruction process, since the. Diffraction tomography fourier diffraction theorem. Penalizedlikelihood image reconstruction for digital holography. This nois is due to the disturbance created by the convergent beam, and due to specks of dust 14.
In digital offaxis holography l, the most common approach for ext. More complete discussions of the theory are in references 1, 2, 3. Document watermarking based on holographic principle. The discussion in this chapter will also make clear the need for a cylindrical shaped hologram, and explain its advantages and disadvantages. Optimized image reconstruction in digital holography. One of the disadvantages of inline holography is the twin image appearing around the object having the shape of rings after reconstruction fig. Pdf in this work, we present the optical recording and reconstruction of. Examples of digital hologram reconstruction programs. The phases of the stored light waves can be calculateddirectly from the digital holograms, without. Construction, exposure, and reconstruction real and virtual image b. The simulation is done using a fast calculation method, where wave propagation in spectral domain and in cylindrical coordinates is used to generate the cylindrical hologram of a 3d object. The digital construction and its reconstruction are described in this section. Digital recording and numerical reconstruction of holograms.
Holography is an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions. This paper discusses the reconstruction of sectional images from a hologram generated by optical scanning holography. Recording and reconstruction of holograms 2 22603 phywe series of publications laboratory experiments physics phywe systeme gmbh 37070 gottingen, germany transmission hologram perform the experimental setup according to fig. This beam is identical to reference beam used in construction of hologram. A typical holographic recording and reconstruction setup considered for explaining the theoretical foundations of holography is shown in figure 2. The next section describes how to record holograms directly with. In zhao 2008 recording and reconstruction of a color holographic image by using digital lensless fourier transform holography was demonstrated. Digital holography technique allows recording and reconstruction of. Principle of holography holography works on the principles of interference and diffraction of light two step process. The name for the technique that was developed comes from the greek word holos, meaning whole, and gramma, meaning message. Penalizedlikelihood image reconstruction for digital. Reconstruction of image in the reconstruction process, the hologram is illuminated by laser beam and this beam is called reconstruction beam. The optical design and construction of a reflection holographic stereogram system is herein. Information exchanged between project stakeholders in 2d format is often subject.
Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns between light. Kim university of south florida, department of physics, 4202 e. To make holography accessible to a general audience with widely varied backgrounds, a physical model is useful. The fourier hologram is stimulated with this zeropadded image. Digital holography is an attractive method for instantaneous measurement of threedimensional 3d objects and numerical reconstruction of the 3d objects after the recording. The process of producing a holographic reconstruction is explained below purely in. In recent years the field of digital holography became an attractive research area following the developments of ccdarrays and an ever increasing computational power of computers.
Because phase is a relative property, construction of a hologram requires a reference beam in addition to the light re. Compared with conventional methods, digital holography has some obvious advantages. These programs were written in the matlab language. Reconstruction enhancements with optical scanning holography. Recording and reconstruction process in holography.
These features include an improved focal depth, possibility to generate 3d images, and phase contrast images, one popular version of the experimental setup in digital holography is the digital fresnel holography, which uses quasiparallel beans to record with a. Nobel prize winner dennis gabor, holographys inventor, saw the film after it was made and said it was the. This technique achieves 3d reconstruction of objects from a 2d hologramimage and reaches accuracies in the range of or smaller than the wavelength. Holography is a technique that enables a light field which is generally the result of a light source scattered off objects to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original objects. The advantage of this technique is that it allows for the reconstruction of both amplitude and phase of a wave. The reconstruction of the object field encoded within the hologram is based on the principle of light diffraction. Digital holography dh is a 3d imaging technique which has been widely developed during the past few decades thanks to the enormous advances in digital imaging and computer technology. Kronrod and others published reconstruction of a hologram with a computer find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Holography can be thought of as somewhat similar to sound recording, whereby a sound field created by vibrating matter like musical. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. History of holography invented in 1948 by dennis gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser leith and upatnieks 1962 applied laser light to holography and introduced an important offaxis technique. Digital holographic measurement and phase reconstruction.
Principles and techniques of digital holographic microscopy. Enhanced scattering from a periodic structure grating equation, grating period d. Digital holography using a laser pointer and consumer. Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. Index terms interferometry, digital holography, microscopy, zeroorder, cepstrum.
An object ox,y when illuminated by a plane wave, the fourier transform of the projected field measured on the line tt gives the values of the 2d transform of the object along a semicircular arc in the frequency domain instead of. The reconstruction can be implemented optically for visualization. Listen to jason arthur sapan talk about the history of holography on gizmodo. Here we investigate digital holography reconstruction methods and compare them for the accuracy and the computational speed.
To understand the basics of holography through the creation of holograms using the direct beam, offaxis transmission procedure. Types of holograms a hologram is a recording in a two or threedimensional medium of the interference pattern formed when a point source of light the reference beam of fixed wavelength encounters light of the same fixed wavelength arriving from an object the object beam. For large distances these marks become almost invisible. The light coming from the object under test and a reference wave interfere in the hologram plane.